{"id":2697,"date":"2026-02-06T12:20:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-06T11:20:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e5%9c%a8-2026-%e5%b9%b4%e6%88%91%e4%bb%ac%e4%bb%8d%e7%84%b6%e5%9c%a8%e8%b0%88%e8%ae%ba%e5%a4%b4%e5%ad%a2%e8%8f%8c%e7%b4%a0%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2026-02-06T12:24:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T11:24:04","slug":"chn-why-are-we-still-talking-about-cephalosporins-in-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/chn-why-are-we-still-talking-about-cephalosporins-in-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728 2026 \u5e74\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u805a\u7126\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u548c\u672a\u6765\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"713\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cefalosporine-1024x713.jpg\" alt=\"Cefalosporine Header Old Pharma\" class=\"wp-image-2685\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cefalosporine-1024x713.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cefalosporine-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cefalosporine-768x535.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cefalosporine-1536x1070.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Cefalosporine-2048x1427.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5c5e\u4e8e\u03b2\u2011\u5185\u9170\u80fa\u7c7b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u9752\u9709\u7d20\u7ed3\u5408\u86cb\u767d\uff08PBP\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u6765\u6291\u5236\u7ec6\u83cc\u7ec6\u80de\u58c1\u5408\u6210\u3002\u5176\u7597\u6548\u4f9d\u8d56\u6e38\u79bb\u836f\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u5728 MIC \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08fT &gt; MIC\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f18\u5316\u03b2\u2011\u5185\u9170\u80fa\u7c7b PK\/PD 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f55\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4eca\u9009\u62e9\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6297\u83cc\u8c31\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u9662\u5185\u9769\u5170\u6c0f\u9634\u6027\u83cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u80fd\u591f\u5236\u5b9a\u66f4\u4e3a\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u57f9\u517b\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u65bd\u964d\u9636\uff08de\u2011escalation\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u9664\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u6bd4\u66f4\u5177\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u6c28\u57fa\u7cd6\u82f7\u7c7b\u6216\u591a\u9ecf\u83cc\u7d20\u7c7b\u66f4\u201c\u5668\u5b98\u53cb\u597d\uff08organ\u2011sparing\uff09\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u591a\u9879\u835f\u8403\u5206\u6790\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u663e\u793a\u5176\u80be\u6bd2\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u5728\u6297\u83cc\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\uff08AMS\uff09\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7acb\u5373\u52a8\u7528\u78b3\u9752\u9709\u70ef\u6216\u8d85\u5e7f\u8c31\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11 ESBL\u3001AmpC \u548c\u78b3\u9752\u9709\u70ef\u9176\u7b49\u5371\u9669\u8010\u836f\u673a\u5236\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u9662\u5185\u80ba\u708e\u6216\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u67d3\u4e2d\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u4e0e\u6291\u5236\u5242\u8054\u5408\uff09\u4ecd\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u83cc\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u5f3a\u70c8\u6000\u7591\u5b58\u5728 ESBL \u6216 AmpC \u4ea7\u9176\uff0c\u6307\u5357\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPBP \u6539\u53d8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982<em>\u5927<\/em><em>\u80a0\u6746\u83cc<\/em>\u4e2d PBP3 \u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff09\u6216\u901a\u900f\u6027\u969c\u788d\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u53ef\u964d\u4f4e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9769\u5170\u6c0f\u9634\u6027\u83cc\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u5bc6\u5207\u76d1\u6d4b\u75c5\u60c5\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u4e0e\u6297\u83cc\u836f\u7269\u8010\u836f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u8010\u836f\uff08MDR\uff09\u9769\u5170\u6c0f\u9634\u6027\u83cc\u7684\u8010\u836f\u8d8b\u52bf\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u78b3\u9752\u9709\u70ef\u8010\u836f\u514b\u96f7\u4f2f\u83cc\u3002\u8fd9\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u66f4\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u4f9d\u8d56\u201c\u5f3a\u5316\u201d\u8054\u5408\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u59cb\u7ec8\u9700\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u65f6\u5c3d\u65e9\u590d\u67e5\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u964d\u9636\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>ESBL\u3001\u8d28\u7c92\u6216\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684 AmpC\u3001PBP \u6539\u53d8\uff08\u5982<em>E. coli<\/em> \u7684 PBP3 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u6311\u6218<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u6b27\u6d32\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5e02\u573a\u5448\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u9ad8\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9662\u5185\u611f\u67d3\u4e0e MDR \u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u6839\u636e ECDC \u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f7f\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u6210\u4e3a\u547c\u5438\u9053\u3001\u6ccc\u5c3f\u9053\u548c\u8179\u8154\u611f\u67d3\u6cbb\u7597\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u836f\u7269\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u539f\u5219\u53ca AMR 2030 \u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4e9a\u6d32 API \u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\uff08\u6b27\u7f8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u51fa 20\u201340%\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u504f\u91cd\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u62db\u6807\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65e0\u83cc\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u51b2\u51fb\u9891\u53d1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3002<br\/><br\/>\u5c3d\u7ba1 2023\u20132024 \u5e74\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fc3\u4f7f EMA \u4e0e MSSG \u52a0\u5f3a\u96c6\u4e2d\u76d1\u6d4b\u5e76\u63d0\u5347 2025\u20132026 \u5b63\u8282\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u5c06\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e API\/KSM \u591a\u6765\u6e90\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u5408\u7406\u50a8\u5907\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u900f\u660e\u4ea4\u671f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u548c\u91c7\u8d2d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u95f4\u4ecd\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u6cbb\u7597\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7814\u53d1\uff1a\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u53ca\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u03b2 \u5185\u9170\u80fa\u9176\u6291\u5236\u5242\u590d\u5408\u5236\u5242\uff08\u5982\u5934\u5b62\u4ed6\u5576\/\u963f\u7ef4\u5df4\u5766\uff09\u663e\u8457\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u4e09\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9 KPC \u4e0e OXA \u4ea7\u9176\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u7597\u6548\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5747\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u673a\u5236\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u836f\u7269\u5982\u5934\u5b62\u5730\u7f57\uff08cefiderocol\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u94c1\u8f7d\u4f53\u673a\u5236\u589e\u5f3a\u9769\u5170\u6c0f\u9634\u6027\u83cc\u6444\u53d6\u7684\u201c\u94c1\u8f7d\u4f53\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4e13\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c3f\u8def\u611f\u67d3\u53ca HAP\/VAP \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u975e\u52a3\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e CREDIBLE\u2011CR \u7814\u7a76\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e9a\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u4e0d\u52a8\u6746\u83cc\uff09\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u4ecd\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u4e14\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u9664\u836f\u7269\u521b\u65b0\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u957f\u6216\u6301\u7eed\u8f93\u6ce8\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u5316 fT &gt; MIC \u66b4\u9732\u4ecd\u662f\u5173\u952e\u6cbb\u7597\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5371\u91cd\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982 BLING III \u7814\u7a76\u6240\u793a\uff09\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u76d1\u6d4b\uff08TDM\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u7ed9\u836f\u4ecd\u88ab\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u3002<br\/><br\/>\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u836f\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ecf\u5178\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u5934\u5b62\u66f2\u677e\u3001\u5934\u5b62\u4ed6\u5576\u3001\u5934\u5b62\u54cc\u916e\u3001\u5934\u5b62\u567b\u809f\u3001\u5934\u5b62\u544b\u8f9b\u7b49\uff09\u5df2\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u663e\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f7f\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u7597\u6cd5\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u771f\u6b63\u8010\u836f\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Old-Pharma-Logo-HR-china-300x147.png\" alt=\"Old Pharma Logo HR - International\" class=\"wp-image-2075\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OLD PHARMA \u7684\u8d21\u732e<\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>\u4fdd\u969c\u5173\u952e\u5206\u5b50\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002<\/strong><br\/>\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u6838\u5fc3\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u54c1\u79cd\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0e EMA\/MSSG \u5efa\u8bae\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u751f<\/strong><strong>\u4ea7\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u4f9b\u5e94\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/strong><br\/>\u6295\u8d44\u65e0\u83cc\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u97e7\u6027\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u9884\u8b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u98ce\u9669\u7f13\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u4e0e\u533b<\/strong><strong>\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><br\/>\u652f\u6301\u6297\u83cc\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u964d\u9636\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\uff09\u4e0e\u5f3a\u8c03\u97e7\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u91c7\u8d2d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><br\/>\u63d0\u4f9b\u900f\u660e\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u4ea4\u671f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d1\u5e03\u4fc3\u9500\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f9d\u636e\u6307\u5357\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>OLD PHARMA \u81f4\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u4f9b\u5e94\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u9760\u4e14\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u4e14\u5faa\u8bc1\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u5982\u9700\u63a2\u8ba8\u7279\u5b9a\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5728\u8d35\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u54a8\u8be2\u4f9b\u5e94\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cOLD PHARMA \u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u968f\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u800c\u4e0d\u5177\u7ea6\u675f\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>**\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1a**\u672c\u6587\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u533b\u7597\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\/\u5904\u65b9\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6765\u6e90<\/h2>\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tamma PD, et al. <strong>IDSA 2024 Guidance on the Treatment of AMR Gram\u2011negative Infections<\/strong>. <em>Clin Infect Dis<\/em>. 2024. DOI:10.1093\/cid\/ciae403. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae403\/7728556\">[academic.oup.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>De Waele JJ, et al. <strong>Antimicrobial de\u2011escalation in ICU<\/strong>. <em>Intensive Care Med<\/em>. 2020;46:236\u2011244. DOI:10.1007\/s00134-019-05871-z. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05871-z\">[link.springer.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Castanheira M, Simner PJ, Bradford PA. <strong>ESBL update<\/strong>. <em>JAC\u2011Antimicrob Resist<\/em>. 2021;3(3):dlab092. DOI:10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab092. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/3\/3\/dlab092\/6322891\">[academic.oup.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Freire S, et al. <strong>PBP3 modification and cephalosporin resistance<\/strong>. <em>J Antimicrob Chemother<\/em>. 2024;79(4):930\u2013932. DOI:10.1093\/jac\/dkae020. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/79\/4\/930\/7596673\">[academic.oup.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pogue JM, et al. <strong>C\/T vs aminoglicosidi\/polimixine in DR\u2011P. aeruginosa<\/strong>. <em>Clin Infect Dis<\/em>. 2020;71(2):304\u2013310. DOI:10.1093\/cid\/ciz816. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/71\/2\/304\/5572677\">[academic.oup.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puzniak L, et al. <strong>C\/T real\u2011world<\/strong>. <em>Antimicrob Resist Infect Control<\/em>. 2021;10:68. DOI:10.1186\/s13756-021-00933-8. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00933-8\">[link.springer.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Torres A, et al. <strong>CAZ\/AVI pooled phase 3<\/strong>. <em>J Antimicrob Chemother<\/em>. 2023;78(11):2672\u20132682. 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DOI:10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30796-9. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/laninf\/article\/PIIS1473-3099%2820%2930796-9\/fulltext\">[thelancet.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dulhunty JM, et al. <strong>BLING III<\/strong>. <em>JAMA<\/em>. 2024;332(8):629\u2011637. DOI:10.1001\/jama.2024.9779. <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2819971\">[jamanetwork.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gatti M, et al. <strong>PK\/PD target continuous infusion<\/strong>. <em>Antibiotics<\/em>. 2021;10(11):1311. PMID:34827249. <a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/PMC\/8615220\">[europepmc.org]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ECDC. <strong>Antimicrobial resistance in the EU\/EEA \u2013 AER 2023 (pubblicato 2024)<\/strong>. Stockholm: ECDC. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/antimicrobial-resistance-eueea-ears-net-annual-epidemiological-report-2023\">[ecdc.europa.eu]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EMA. <strong>Medicine shortages \u2013 Annual report 2024<\/strong> (MSSG\/SPOC; piattaforma europea). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/assets\/en\/annual-report\/2024\/medicine-shortages\/index.html\">[ema.europa.eu]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EMA. <strong>Public information on medicine shortages<\/strong> (catalogo e comunicazioni). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/human-regulatory-overview\/post-authorisation\/medicine-shortages-availability-issues\/public-information-medicine-shortages\">[ema.europa.eu]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Euronews (conferma EMA). <strong>Assenza di segnali di shortage antibiotici inverno 2025\/26<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/health\/2025\/11\/26\/europe-shows-no-signs-of-antibiotic-shortages-this-winter-eu-medicines-agency-says\">[euronews.com]<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Euronews\/ECA. <strong>Dipendenza da API extra\u2011UE e criticit\u00e0 strutturali<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2025\/09\/23\/a-persistent-issue-which-medicines-are-in-short-supply-in-the-european-union\">[euronews.com]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u805a\u7126\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u548c\u672a\u6765\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\uff1f \u5934\u5b62\u83cc\u7d20\u5c5e\u4e8e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2686,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pharmamarket-c","category-api-c","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2697"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2699,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2697\/revisions\/2699"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oldpharma.it\/zh-hant\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}